Maps Tell Stories
During the Last Glacial Maximum, approximately 26,000 years ago, vast ice sheets covered portions of the northeastern United States. Glaciers advanced from Canada, shaping the landscape and creating features such as valleys and lakes. This period significantly impacted the region's ecology and geology, resulting in unique habitats and soil formations. Understanding this glacial history helps us appreciate the natural evolution of the northeast and its diverse ecosystems.
Around 13,000 years ago, as the glaciers began to retreat, early Native settlements started to emerge in North America. These early inhabitants adapted to the changing environment, utilizing the rich resources left behind by the melting ice. They developed new hunting and gathering techniques leading to a more settled lifestyle. This period marked a significant transition in human history, as communities began to form and thrive in the newly accessible landscapes.
Long Island, NY, is a prominent landmass stretching approximately 118 miles in length and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the south and Long Island Sound to the north. The island features a diverse geography that includes sandy beaches, lush parks, and urban areas, creating a unique blend of natural beauty and metropolitan life. Its coastal region is characterized by picturesque shorelines, while the interior boasts rolling hills and fertile farmland. The Atlantic Ocean provides not only stunning views but also recreational activities, making Long Island a popular destination for both residents and visitors.
Eastern Long Island between 17,000-12,000 years ago was a hilly terrain atop a plain that extended 100 miles to the south where it met the Atlantic Ocean. Shinnecock Bay, Long Island Sound, Peconic Bay and others were once lakes nestled into the hills. As the glaciers melted and sea levels rose the Twin Forks flooded. The light green areas show submerged land.
This map of Orient shows the extent of lands that are now underwater. Projectile points 12,000 years old have been found there indicating Native People hunted there. Orient was once connected to Rhode Island by a land bridge. That may have been a migration route for megafauna such as caribou and mammoth. Reports since the 19th century have suggested mammoth finds on the islands near Orient: Plum Island, Shelter Island, and Gardiners Island.
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Eastern Long Island is a vibrant and bustling region rich in Native American history and culture. The map above shows 50 ancient Native sites of the Twin Forks and Connecticut. There are over 250 other sites from the Paleo era to the Contact Period. This area was once home to numerous villages where community life thrived, and traditional ceremonies celebrated both in ancient times and today. With its abundant hunting and fishing grounds it has long been a vital source of sustenance and connection to the land. The network of ancient Native travel and trade routes further enhances its significance, making Eastern Long Island a hub of activity and heritage.
